Safety stock describe a level of extra stock that is maintained to mitigate risk of stock-outs. It acts as a buffer stock in case sales are greater than planned and/or the supplier take more time to deliver ordered units than its average lead time.
where,
- α is the service level,
- Zα =1.65 for 95% service level.
- E(L) and σL are the mean and standard deviation of lead time.
- E(D) and σD are the mean and standard deviation of demand in each unit time period.
Other easy formula for safety stock –
Safety Stock = (max. daily usages x max. lead time) – (average daily usage x average lead time)
Z × σLT × D AVG
Z is the desired service level, σLT is the standard deviation of lead time, and D avg is the demand average.
The reorder point can then be calculated as:
The reorder point is classically viewed as the sum of the lead demand plus the safety stock.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
The ideal order quantity to minimize ordering cost + inventory holding costs
Q = √(2DS/H)
where:Q=EOQ units,
D=Demand in units (typically on an annual basis)
S=Order cost (per purchase order)
H=Holding costs (per unit, per year)
Min-Max Inventory – The Min/Max inventory ordering is an inventory replenishment method. The “Min” value represents a stock level that triggers a reorder and the “Max” value represents a new targeted stock level following the reorder. The difference between the Max and the Min is frequently interpreted as the EQQ (Economic order quantity – the purchase order quantity for replenishment that minimizes total inventory costs).
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